{"id":29799,"date":"2016-03-24T00:27:58","date_gmt":"2016-03-23T23:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agrivi.com\/uncategorized-hr\/nematode-u-poljoprivrednoj-proizvodnji\/"},"modified":"2021-12-16T22:30:39","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T21:30:39","slug":"nematode-u-poljoprivrednoj-proizvodnji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agrivi.com\/hr\/blog\/nematode-u-poljoprivrednoj-proizvodnji\/","title":{"rendered":"Nematode u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nematode su organizmi koji nanose \u0161tete biljkama, ali postoje i nematode koje \u0161tite biljke od drugih \u0161tetnih insekata i imaju va\u017enu ulogu u sustavu tla. Obzirom na njihove prehrambene navike, nematode se mogu svrstati u funkcionalne grupe- one koje se hrane bakterijama, gljivama, te biljni paraziti. Nematode su mikroskopski organizmi, nalik na crve, koji \u017eive u vodenom filmu i porama vode u tlu. Najvi\u0161e su rasprostranjene u gornjim slojevima tla gdje je obilje organske tvari, biljnog korijenja i drugih resurasa. Broj nematoda u tlu varira u rasponu 1-10 milijuna jedinki\/m2.<\/p>\n

Nematode u poljoprivrednim sustavima<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nematode imaju nekoliko va\u017enih uloga u tlu. U poljoprivrednim sustavima, nematode mogu pove\u0107ati mineralizaciju hranjiva i djeluju kao biolo\u0161ki agensi za kontrolu i odr\u017eavanje adekvatne razine biljci dostupnog du\u0161ika, oslanjaju\u0107i se na organske izvore hranjiva. Uslijed procesa hranjenja, nematode izravno pridonose mineralizaciji hranjiva, dok neizravno ubrzavaju razgradnju i kru\u017eenje hranjiva u tlu pomla\u0111ivanjem neaktivnih bakterijskih i gljivi\u010dnih kolonija, te \u0161irenjem bakterija i gljivica na novo dostupan organski otpad. Bez nematoda hranjive bi tvari iz bakterijske i gljivi\u010dne biomase ostale imobilizirane i nedostupne biljkama.<\/p>\n

Aktivnost nematoda<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unutar nematode nalazi se simbiotska bakterija, koja kada u\u0111e unutar insekta, ubije ga u roku 24-48 sati. Nematoda prodire u tijelo insekta i pu\u0161ta bakteriju u njegove tjelesne \u0161upljine. Bakterija se mno\u017e i preuzima imunolo\u0161ki sustav doma\u0107ina, pritom ga ubijaju\u0107i. Tkivo doma\u0107ina tako postaje hrana nematodama, koje se nakon hranjenja unutar mrtvog insekta mno\u017ee. Kako ponestaje hranjiva unutar mrtvog insekta, nematode izlaze i odmah po\u010dinju tra\u017eiti novog doma\u0107ina.<\/p>\n

Zajednice nematoda u tlu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tlo sadr\u017ei nematode razli\u010ditih grupa hranjenja, \u010dije zajednice variraju ovisno o sustavima obrade tla i sezonama, a koje su pod utjecajem raznih \u010dimbenika, poput vrste usjeva i praksama upravljanja tlom, te prisutnosti i obilja prirodnih neprijatelja. Prakse upravljanja tlom poput obrade tla, plodoreda i kori\u0161tenja organskih materijala utje\u010du na fizi\u010dke i biolo\u0161ke karakteristike tla, koje zatim utje\u010du na brojnost nematoda. Iako su nematode ve\u0107 prisutne u tlu, poljoprivrednici ih \u010desto trebaju naknadno dodavati (u obliku praha), kako bi ih bilo u dovoljnim koli\u010dinama za suzbijanje odre\u0111enog \u0161tetnika.<\/p>\n

\"sl1\"<\/p>\n

Nematode tla pod mikroskopom<\/p>\n

Kako primjeniti nematode?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Otopina s nematodama mo\u017ee se primijeniti zalijevanjem, rasprskiva\u010dima, ru\u010dnim prskalicama ili putem navodnjavanja, s tim da se izbjegava primjena po suncu, jer nematode ne vole direktnu svjetlost. U trenutku primjene nematoda na tlo, ono treba biti vla\u017eno, a odmah nakon primjene potrebno ga je dodatno zaliti.<\/p>\n

Djelovanje na sustave poljoprivredne proizvodnje<\/strong><\/p>\n

Poljoprivredna proizvodnja pove\u0107ava brojnost nematoda u tlu, prvenstveno obrada tla i unos organskog gnoja, na na\u010din da pove\u0107a brojnost nematoda koje se hrane bakterijama. Karakteristike tla u poljoprivrednim proizvodnim sustavima mogu se pobolj\u0161ati pove\u0107anjem dostupnosti hranjivih tvari i pru\u017eanjem stani\u0161ta za korisne organizme tla.<\/p>\n

Kori\u0161tenje nematoda u tlu pove\u0107ava produktivnost tla, dok kori\u0161tenje AGRIVI sustava za upravljanje poljoprivrednom proizvodnjom pobolj\u0161ava produktivnost gospodarstva. Sustav omogu\u0107uje pra\u0107enje svih aktivnosti na poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu, upravljanje inputima, te analizu produktivnosti i profitabilnosti gospodarstva.<\/p>\n"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nematode su organizmi koji nanose \u0161tete biljkama, ali postoje i nematode koje \u0161tite biljke od drugih \u0161tetnih insekata i imaju va\u017enu ulogu u sustavu tla. Obzirom na njihove prehrambene navike, nematode se mogu svrstati u funkcionalne grupe- one koje se hrane bakterijama, gljivama, te biljni paraziti. Nematode su mikroskopski organizmi, nalik na crve, koji \u017eive
PRO\u010cITAJTE VI\u0160E<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":30534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[384,398],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-poljoprivredne-prakse"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNematode u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji - AGRIVI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nematode u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji AGRIVI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrivi.com\/hr\/blog\/nematode-u-poljoprivrednoj-proizvodnji\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nematode u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji - 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