Since the dawn of agro-ecosystems nearly 10,000 years ago, farmers have had to compete with other organisms — namely insect pests, pathogens, weeds and wildlife— to ensure food security. These “biotic” (i.e. living) causes of crop loss can be just as harmful as “abiotic” (i.e. nonliving) stressors such as drought, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, andRead more
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